Research foci and expertise in the Department include: (1) Chinese Language, Literature and Culture: Chinese Classical Studies (jingxue), Chinese Literary Criticism, Chinese Philosophy, Classical Chinese Language, Classical Chinese Literature, Modern Chinese Literature and Culture; (2) Comparative Literature, Cross-cultural Studies and Cultural Heritage: Comparative Literature, East Asian Literature and Culture, Cultural Studies, Cultural Heritage, Art History; and (3) Chinese History: Urban History, History of Buddhism, History of Medicine, Intellectual History, Early China, Middle Period China, Ming-Qing Studies, Modern China, History of Cultural Exchanges, Digital Humanities. The programme places equal importance on the use of both Chinese and English languages.