ABSTRACT

We demonstrate that thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) preserve a universal structure in overdamped systems driven by non-Gaussian, Lévy-type active fluctuations under fully time-dependent driving protocols. By identifying and incorporating a dynamical response term that captures variations in both the observation time and the protocol speed, we obtain a generalized TUR that applies to arbitrary state and current observables. We further establish an explicit saturation criterion showing that the more faithfully an observable resolves entropy-producing fluctuations, the more tightly it approaches the bound. Numerical simulations of particles driven by compound-Poisson noise in linear and harmonic potentials confirm the validity. Our results extend the universality of TURs to a broad class of active-matter systems and reveal how activity fundamentally reorganizes nonequilibrium fluctuation–dissipation constraints.