This course examines the relationship between Chinese culture and its political, religious, literary, philosophical, and kinship systems. By clarifying key concepts and elaborating relevant theories, it provides a concise review of the intellectual content and spiritual traits of Chinese culture, clarifies its subjectivity, fosters students’ interest and capacity for appreciating it, and enables them to grasp its core tenets while reflecting on its past, present, and future development within an evolving context. This course also examines "new cultural history" approaches that have emerged since the 1980s, using some of them as analytical frameworks to rethink China's rich cultural histories. Rather than treating culture as a static record of facts, the course guides students in defining and explaining culture as a dynamic, evolving process shaped by power dynamics and intersecting forces. Through key case studies spanning premodern to modern Chinese history, students will gain a more rigorous and sophisticated understanding of the making and interpretation of culture.