This course covers a range of experimental and applied-physics topics and methods in materials science that involve X-ray and neutron scattering in the laboratory and as well as at large-scale facilities like at synchrotrons, at research nuclear-reactors, or at spallation neutron-sources. Its central aims are: (1) to describe the fundamentals of scattering by condensed matter, (2) to introduce the different commonly employed scattering techniques available in the laboratory and at large-scale facilities, (3) to show the possible applications in discovering advanced materials and (4) to motivate the students for discovery and innovation in applying scattering techniques in materials science.