This patent introduces a novel PVTF-based solid polymer electrolyte (where PVTF denotes poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)) designed to overcome the oxidation instability of SPEs. 

The patent introduces a novel separator composed of:
1. MXene nanosheets (e.g., Ti₃C₂Tₓ, where Tₓ = –F, –OH, or –O) coated on a
2. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVHF) framework, embedded with
3. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowires as a flame retardant.